I updated the description after I read a very informative article about Tarasov published by Georgiy Borodin earlier this year. At that link, you can see screenshots of some scenes that have been cut from the version of the film above.
Also, it seems that this was part of a bigger international project, and that other countries also made similar films at the time. I wonder what their names are, and if any of those have survived?
It is still unclear what the anniversary was supposed to be. Borodin's article says it was meant to be "the 100th anniversary of the birth of animation", but I am unaware of anything that happened in 1883 specifically.